Aristotle: The Three Kinds Of Friendship

Aristotle: The Three Kinds Of Friendship In book VIII of Aristotles The Nicomachean Ethics (1999; 1156a6 1156a30), the notion of The Three Kinds of Friendship (Philia) is expressed. Holding that there are three basic kinds or species of friendship that bind us together expressing that in respect to each there exists a mutual and recognised love. Utility, pleasure, virtue and the good can attract and bind us together in an association of friendship, essentially we become friends with certain individuals because they are either: useful to us, provide us with pleasure, or they attain to the principles of virtue and the good. In pursuing friendship by way of our actions we can have three goals in mind. The three objects of love that which we strive to achieve being: utility, pleasure and the good. Friendships of utility and pleasure pertain to self-indulgent and self-centred natures and are therefore only friendships in a truncated effect, they are prone to dissolution due the changeable nature of our wants and desires effecti ng what we find useful or pleasurable. Aristotle states that in such friendships love is only incidental with one not precisely loving the other at all but only his own good. Hence these relationships are seen to be incomplete or imperfect. To base a friendship on utility is not to love the other in their own right but to gain some good from them, in relation to one or both the parties involved. Aristotle relates this kind of friendship to that of a commercial transaction between two parties or a relation of two old men who provide each other with mutual support in their twilight years. Friendships of pleasure characteristic of the young whom are compelled by impulse and desire are sought as means of attaining pleasure from another. Like the desires that spawn them they are transient by nature but can be cherished and are held in higher esteem than friendships based on utility, as they can be sought for their own sake, involving a sharing of pleasures what gives life a certain sweet ness. Although the emphasis here by way of desire leans towards erotic relationships friendships of pleasure can also be based on pleasure such a conversation. The complete friendship is one based on virtue and moral goodness, existing between people of equal moral and virtuous standing these good people are similar in virtue wishing goods to each other for each others sake. These men acting by way of virtue complement each other incidental to each others wants or needs they simply admire the other in relation to the good and attain usefulness and pleasure to the highest degree. Complete friendships are then rare, raising the problem: can anyone really have a true friendship in the eyes of Aristotle? How many people can really attain to this idea of the good man? Is it possible to be that morally good and virtuously astute? Friendship is a term we know very well one that is important to all of us in our everyday lives. Aristotle here is expressing friendship in terms of the Greek word Philia. The conception is altogether different form our modern interpretation, more extensive in its interpretation. Philia can exist in the family sphere as well as in relation to being a citizen and the duties that that entails even as far to include peoples relations to natural phenomena. Aristotle grounds his discussion of friendship in praxis: practical reason. Human beings act in search of an end or goal in search of the good. To act in accordance with the good is to act virtuously, the ultimate end being happiness or flourishing. The differences between the three objects of love are differences of degree. Friendships of utility and pleasure resemble that of the good but are incomplete formulations and only resemble that of the good. In essence utility and pleasure are incidental and extrinsic not being sought for their own sake but, for an external gain or benefit. Essentially all relationships can useful, pleasurable and good, but, a truly excellent virtuous relationship should be sought in accordance with the good as a final end. These good people develop good character by way of acting virtuously perfected by habit (Hexis). One cannot simply learn virtue. Instead a cultivation of habits is required with experienced grounded in life to become virtuous you must a ct in accordance with virtue, do virtuous things. The notion of sameness is also introduced: a perfect integration of oneself into friendship creating a perfect oneness. One must also be conscious or aware of the other, each reflecting on what is good for the other. This criteria together as one creates a primary friendship.

Counselling Children in a Community Setting

In the world of counselling, using effective techniques and skills in understanding the behaviour of a person is critical. This will serve as the path that will break through the natural barriers of the human mind. Like adults, children have issues that have to be confronted in order to behave accordingly. The only difference is that they act on these issues on a different than adults do. Hence, a different approach is need.Unlike adults, children lack the proper vocabulary to explain their feelings making it harder for counsellors to understand their thoughts. Velsor (2004) in her article ‘Revisiting Basic Counselling Skills with Children’ talks about the essential approaches that may be helpful when dealing with children during counselling Her article hopes to improve the study ‘Adapting Basic Skills to Counsel Children’ by Erden and Lampe had done to create an appropriate approach in dealing with children.Velsor offers two new approaches into the world of counselling children. The first is to enhancement of microskills, a term used for communication skills units by counsellors, when working with children. This allows any client, adult or child, to present their issues during sessions. For children, the use of microskills involves the counsellor to adapt to the children’s varying capabilities. Apart from encouraging verbal communication of children, this allows them to bring out their issues through the manner of playing.In this article, several examples are used to explain the different microskills used as well as the different manners children may use to act on their issues. Velasor explains her second approach by introducing and explaining the common stages and themes that occur during counsel with children. Acquintance with these stages enables the counsellor to properly understand how to go about the counselling period. List of References: Velsor, P. V. (2004). Revisiting Basic Couselling Skills with Children. Journal of Counseling and Development, 82 ( 3), 313-318.

Unanswered Questions Into Music Scholarship Essay Samples Exposed

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The Bureau Of Labor Statistics Essay - 980 Words

The Bureau of Labor Statistics has released its report for July 2016, and the numbers have some people speculating that a real recovery may be at hand. Wages have been rising consistently for the past few months; the average hourly wage for July was $25.69. The unemployment rate was 4.9 percent for July, which was the same as June but 0.2 percent higher than May. Jobs are increasing; the July change was 255,000, which was a bit lower than the 292,000 reported for June but significantly greater than the pitiful 24,000 reported for May. At first glance, it appears that the American economy is showing signs of rebounding at an accelerated rate — but is that assessment accurate? Are Rising Wages and Increasing Jobs Sufficient Measurements of an Economic Recovery? The numbers look promising, but it might not be wise to read too much into them. The data for wages and new jobs must be examined in detail to evaluate what the numbers actually mean. Furthermore, other factors need to be considered as well before the celebration can begin. The average hourly earnings for June and July have yet to be finalized, but the BLS is projecting $25.61 for June and $25.69 for July. If July s projection holds, it represents an increase of $0.31 over January 2016, which equates to approximately 1.22 percent. However, economists are not discussing the potential impact on average earnings resulting from the minimum wage increases in 14 states that went into effect on January 1. Some of theShow MoreRelatedU.s. Bureau Of Labor Statistics896 Words   |  4 PagesThe increasing demand for professions in health care make being a surgeons assistant a great career choice. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) said that in 2012, there were approximately 98,500 professionals in this field. 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Physical therapists attempt to diagnose a patient s movement by watching how they walk or stand and by listening to their complaints. However, there are different forms of treatment (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 2) thatRead MoreChildren And Family Social Worker1612 Words   |  7 Pages(U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics). Being able to listen and understand any client’s needs is necessary (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics). H aving compassion for clients and understanding that they are in stressful and personal situations is important for children and family social workers to understand (U.S Bureau of Labor Statistics). These workers need strong people skills, must maintain relationships with clients, and able to work with all groups of people (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics). Important